Norovirus is spiking rising quickly across the U.S. this winter. The virus, often called the “winter vomiting bug,” spreads easily and can cause outbreaks in communities.
So, let’s read the article to learn how it spreads, how to prevent Norovirus, and the current situation.
What is Norovirus?
Norovirus, sometimes called the Norwalk virus, gets its name from the first identified strain in Norwalk, Ohio, during the 1970s. According to the CDC, it is responsible for about 58% of foodborne illnesses in the United States annually.
This virus belongs to a group of small RNA viruses called Caliciviridae. These viruses can infect humans health and animals, such as pigs, cows, rabbits, and dogs.
When Are Norovirus Outbreaks Most Common?
Outbreaks typically happen between November and April, a period often referred to as “norovirus season.” The virus spreads most easily as people spend more time indoors and in close contact with others.
Key Facts:
- Norovirus is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S.
- It affects both humans and animals.
- The highest risk period is late fall through early spring.
You can better protect yourself during the norovirus season by understanding these facts.
Current Norovirus Outbreak in the US
The CDC reported a significant rise in outbreaks. The number jumped from 69 in the last week of November to 91 in the first week of December. This surge marked a new record for this time of year, surpassing the previous high of 65 outbreaks in a single week set in 2019. Outbreaks often occur where people live or gather in close quarters, such as cruise ships, nursing homes, jails, schools, and similar crowded settings.
Why is Norovirus Surging Now?
A CDC scientist explained that norovirus cases usually increase in the US at this time of year (winter). However, this season, a newer strain called GII.17 has become the primary type. He noted that people may have lower immunity to GII.17 than the previously dominant strain, GII.4 Sydney. This could explain why cases surged earlier in December instead of the usual peak in January.
According to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), norovirus, or the stomach bug, appears to affect Canadians more than usual this year, with reported cases higher than the average over the past five years. Recent data shows that norovirus cases across the country surpass the five-year average from 2019 to 2023. PHAC shared this information in an email to Global News on Monday, but they did not provide exact case numbers.
The agency also mentioned that this trend has been observed in several provinces, including Alberta, Ontario, and British Columbia. However, they cautioned that the numbers should be viewed carefully. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted reporting of norovirus, which lowered the average number of cases during that period. As a result, the current figures may seem unusually high compared to the 2019-2023 data.
How Does Norovirus Spread?
Norovirus is highly contagious and spreads in several ways. People can get infected by touching surfaces or individuals with virus particles and touching their mouth, nose, or eyes. It also spreads through contaminated food or liquids. Infected people can pass the virus on by touching food, drinks, or ice before serving them, sharing food or utensils, or having close personal contact.
The virus attacks the small intestine, causing inflammation and gastroenteritis, which leads to diarrhoea and vomiting. Norovirus is tough to contain because it can survive on hard and soft surfaces, like sheets, for up to two weeks.
Symptoms of Norovirus
The main symptoms of norovirus are vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, and stomach pain. Norovirus typically causes symptoms within 12 to 48 hours of exposure, and these symptoms usually improve within one to three days. However, people can still spread the virus for several days after feeling better. Dehydration is a serious concern, especially for young children, adults, and those with weakened immune systems.
Dr. Isaac Bogoch, an infectious diseases specialist at Toronto General Hospital, described “It’s got the moniker ‘winter vomiting illness’ for a reason. It’s just awful gastroenteritis and makes people vomit like crazy; it is one of the most awful things to experience.”
Children are more vulnerable due to smaller fluid reserves. At the same time, adults and people with chronic illnesses may struggle to handle rapid fluid loss. Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, less frequent urination, dizziness, and unusual sleepiness in children.
Treatment and Management
There is no specific treatment for norovirus, and recovery depends on the strength of your immune system. Most people get better in a few days.
It’s essential to replace lost fluids. You can use oral rehydration solutions. You may need fluids through a vein (intravenous) if you can’t drink enough fluids.
Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medicine and medication to reduce nausea. If you have young children, keep oral rehydration solutions on hand. Adults can drink sports drinks, broths, or rehydration solutions. Avoid caffeine, alcohol and sugary drinks like sodas and some fruit juices, as they can make diarrhoea worse.
When you feel better but still nauseous, eat small amounts of food frequently. Gradually eat bland foods like crackers, toast, bananas, applesauce, rice, and chicken. Stop eating if nausea returns. For a few days, avoid milk, dairy, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and greasy or spicy foods.
Remember, norovirus spreads quickly. Stay away from others while you’re sick and for a few days after you recover. Wash your hands and clean surfaces and objects. Do not prepare food for others until your symptoms are gone.
How to Prevent Norovirus
The CDC suggests several steps to prevent norovirus infections:
- Wash your hands often: Use soap and warm water, scrubbing for at least 20 seconds, especially before eating and after using the bathroom. Alcohol-based sanitisers are less effective against norovirus so, always wash your hands with soap and water.
- Clean surfaces: Use cleaning products designed to kill viruses. Focus on high-touch areas like door handles and countertops.
- Follow food safety: Cook food thoroughly and wash your hands often. Avoid eating raw shellfish, which can sometimes carry the virus.
Conclusion
Norovirus is spiking in the USA this winter, spreading quickly in crowded spaces and causing severe stomach illness. Cases are rising due to a new strain, GII.17, with symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, and dehydration. Prevent an infection by washing hands, cleaning surfaces, and practising safe food handling. Stay vigilant during norovirus season and protect yourself and others with proper hygiene and care.
